Puerto Rican Studies at Brooklyn College
Item set
Title
Puerto Rican Studies at Brooklyn College
Description
The fight for the creation of Puerto Rican and Black Studies programs across a number of campuses in the City University of New York (CUNY) system in late 1960s and early 1970s is one of the singular academic and political achievements of the student and community movements in these years. Stories of unity and solidarity between Puerto Rican and African American student populations and local communities were central to the struggles at many of the campuses throughout the City University. The battles for a Puerto Rican Studies department at Brooklyn College were directly connected to the larger Open Admissions movement that fundamentally reshaped CUNY after 1969. This was especially true at Brooklyn College, as this collection on the history of the fight to create a Puerto Rican Studies department at the college reveals.
The efforts of a mostly Puerto Rican and African-American student-led struggle within CUNY in the years after 1968 contributed to the establishment of the larger field of U.S.-based Puerto Rican Studies (PRS) programs. As a pioneering discipline, PRS also contributed to the emerging fields of Latino Studies and Ethnic Studies, helping transform the curriculum in higher education institutions across the nation. Brooklyn College was one of several CUNY campuses at which students and faculty engaged with each other, alongside community residents, to achieve a more equitable, responsive, and integrated public education system. Influenced and supported by national organizations such as the Black Panther Party and the Young Lords Organization, the Civil Rights Movement, international struggles including opposition to the Vietnam War, and the pro-independence movement in and for Puerto Rico, student-activists at Brooklyn College engaged in various forms of protest in their efforts to transform the university system.
When Puerto Rican and African-American students began to arrive in small but significant numbers at Brooklyn College (BC) and CUNY during the late 1960s, they encountered a campus that did not reflect the Brooklyn neighborhoods they knew and had grown up in. By 1968, 96 percent of the undergraduate student enrollment at Brooklyn College remained white, middle class, and largely Jewish. In that same year Puerto Rican students established the Puerto Rican Alliance (P.R.A.) at Brooklyn College, signaling the presence of pioneering Puerto Rican student-activists on the campus.
The early cohort of predominantly Puerto Rican and African-American students who began integrating the Brooklyn College (BC) campus in the late 1960s became active members of the Puerto Rican Alliance and the Brooklyn League of Afro-American Collegians (B.L.A.C.)--both student clubs at BC. In April 1969 the student members of P.R.A. and B.L.A.C. presented BC President George A. Peck with a list of 18 demands that included: active recruitment and admission of more Puerto Rican and Black students into the university; establishment of Puerto Rican and Afro-American Institutes; and an end to biological and chemical warfare research and C.I.A. activities at the campus. These demands were modeled after the Black Panther Party’s 21 national demands. The 18 demands were also supported by Students for a Democratic Society (S.D.S.), a student club composed of a mostly white radical students on campus. This phase of the student-led struggle at BC is described in oral histories with pioneering student-activists included in this collection as a racially, ethnically, and linguistically inclusive movement.
Later in the spring of 1969, in response to student demands and student and faculty activism on campus the BC administration approved the creation initially of the Puerto Rican and Afro-American institutes, both of which opened on the BC Campus early the following year. One of the biggest and earliest demonstrations in support of these demands at Brooklyn College became known as the “BC19” event. In May 1969, after weeks of campus protests, 19 students were arrested in their homes during a pre-dawn raid by NYC police. Pioneering student-activists faced charges for their on-campus demonstrations and were held on Rikers Island, in Queens, NY for three days. BC student and faculty activists, as well as members of the surrounding Brooklyn community (including BC alum, Congresswoman Shirley Chisholm) raised funds for bail to allow the arrested students to be released. Oral historical interviews conducted with two of the “BC19” students, Antonio Nieves and Dr. Orlando Pile are included in this collection. Finally, in January 1970, with continued support from BC faculty and staff, the Departments of Puerto Rican and Afro-American Studies were established and began operating on several CUNY campus, including Brooklyn College, Hunter College, Borough of Manhattan Community College, and City College, contributing to the longterm transformation of CUNY through new and progressive curricula and a growing and integrated student body.
The initial few years after the establishment of the Department of Puerto Rican Studies (PRS) in 1970 remained fairly quiet on the BC campus. Led by students, faculty, and staff, the new academic department and the separate PRS Institute (which continued) developed courses, programs, and community-driven partnerships between Puerto Rico and the diaspora in the United States. The 1973-74 academic year marked the next major phase in the Puerto Rican struggle at Brooklyn College. Student-activists organized and mobilized to defend their right to self-determination of and control over the Department of Puerto Rican Studies. Shortly after the founding director and chair of the department resigned the BC administration organized a search committee, chaired by President John W. Kneller. In an unexpected move, President Kneller defied the decision of the search committee and in Fall 1974 chose a candidate as the new chair of the department who students, faculty, and staff opposed. Students then engaged in a series of protests demanding to have Prof. María Sánchez, the search committee’s choice, as the department’s next chairperson. Students rallied on campus and at President Kneller’s house and the gym he frequented. The protests escalated into a multi-day take-over in October 1974 of the BC Registrar’s office, ending with the arrest of 41 students and 3 faculty members. This incident became known as the BC44. Oral history interviews conducted with arrested students and one faculty member are part of this collection.
This Puerto Rican Studies at Brooklyn College Collection (PRSBC) focuses on a mostly Puerto Rican led student movement at CUNY during the late 1960s and early 1970s. The collection includes oral history interviews with pioneering student-activists, photographs of participants and important events, and archival materials. The oral history interviews were recorded for a documentary film, Making the Impossible Possible (2021), directed by Tami Gold and Pam Sporn and produced by the Alliance for Puerto Rican Education and Empowerment (A.P.R.E.E.), an organization founded by several of the pioneering Brooklyn College student activists. Antonio "Tony" Nieves, student member and liaison of the Puerto Rican Alliance and the Brooklyn League of Afro-American Collegians contributed the photographs in this collection, which captured the racial and ethnic solidarity on the campus during the late 1960s. Archival materials found at Brooklyn College’s Archives and Special Collections fill out the story of institutional, pedagogical, cultural, and linguistic transformation that occurred across the CUNY system and at Brooklyn College as a result of the actions of a formidable, mostly Puerto Rican and African-American student-led, movement. The collection was curated by Gisely Colón López, a doctoral student in the Graduate Center’s Urban Education PhD program.
The efforts of a mostly Puerto Rican and African-American student-led struggle within CUNY in the years after 1968 contributed to the establishment of the larger field of U.S.-based Puerto Rican Studies (PRS) programs. As a pioneering discipline, PRS also contributed to the emerging fields of Latino Studies and Ethnic Studies, helping transform the curriculum in higher education institutions across the nation. Brooklyn College was one of several CUNY campuses at which students and faculty engaged with each other, alongside community residents, to achieve a more equitable, responsive, and integrated public education system. Influenced and supported by national organizations such as the Black Panther Party and the Young Lords Organization, the Civil Rights Movement, international struggles including opposition to the Vietnam War, and the pro-independence movement in and for Puerto Rico, student-activists at Brooklyn College engaged in various forms of protest in their efforts to transform the university system.
When Puerto Rican and African-American students began to arrive in small but significant numbers at Brooklyn College (BC) and CUNY during the late 1960s, they encountered a campus that did not reflect the Brooklyn neighborhoods they knew and had grown up in. By 1968, 96 percent of the undergraduate student enrollment at Brooklyn College remained white, middle class, and largely Jewish. In that same year Puerto Rican students established the Puerto Rican Alliance (P.R.A.) at Brooklyn College, signaling the presence of pioneering Puerto Rican student-activists on the campus.
The early cohort of predominantly Puerto Rican and African-American students who began integrating the Brooklyn College (BC) campus in the late 1960s became active members of the Puerto Rican Alliance and the Brooklyn League of Afro-American Collegians (B.L.A.C.)--both student clubs at BC. In April 1969 the student members of P.R.A. and B.L.A.C. presented BC President George A. Peck with a list of 18 demands that included: active recruitment and admission of more Puerto Rican and Black students into the university; establishment of Puerto Rican and Afro-American Institutes; and an end to biological and chemical warfare research and C.I.A. activities at the campus. These demands were modeled after the Black Panther Party’s 21 national demands. The 18 demands were also supported by Students for a Democratic Society (S.D.S.), a student club composed of a mostly white radical students on campus. This phase of the student-led struggle at BC is described in oral histories with pioneering student-activists included in this collection as a racially, ethnically, and linguistically inclusive movement.
Later in the spring of 1969, in response to student demands and student and faculty activism on campus the BC administration approved the creation initially of the Puerto Rican and Afro-American institutes, both of which opened on the BC Campus early the following year. One of the biggest and earliest demonstrations in support of these demands at Brooklyn College became known as the “BC19” event. In May 1969, after weeks of campus protests, 19 students were arrested in their homes during a pre-dawn raid by NYC police. Pioneering student-activists faced charges for their on-campus demonstrations and were held on Rikers Island, in Queens, NY for three days. BC student and faculty activists, as well as members of the surrounding Brooklyn community (including BC alum, Congresswoman Shirley Chisholm) raised funds for bail to allow the arrested students to be released. Oral historical interviews conducted with two of the “BC19” students, Antonio Nieves and Dr. Orlando Pile are included in this collection. Finally, in January 1970, with continued support from BC faculty and staff, the Departments of Puerto Rican and Afro-American Studies were established and began operating on several CUNY campus, including Brooklyn College, Hunter College, Borough of Manhattan Community College, and City College, contributing to the longterm transformation of CUNY through new and progressive curricula and a growing and integrated student body.
The initial few years after the establishment of the Department of Puerto Rican Studies (PRS) in 1970 remained fairly quiet on the BC campus. Led by students, faculty, and staff, the new academic department and the separate PRS Institute (which continued) developed courses, programs, and community-driven partnerships between Puerto Rico and the diaspora in the United States. The 1973-74 academic year marked the next major phase in the Puerto Rican struggle at Brooklyn College. Student-activists organized and mobilized to defend their right to self-determination of and control over the Department of Puerto Rican Studies. Shortly after the founding director and chair of the department resigned the BC administration organized a search committee, chaired by President John W. Kneller. In an unexpected move, President Kneller defied the decision of the search committee and in Fall 1974 chose a candidate as the new chair of the department who students, faculty, and staff opposed. Students then engaged in a series of protests demanding to have Prof. María Sánchez, the search committee’s choice, as the department’s next chairperson. Students rallied on campus and at President Kneller’s house and the gym he frequented. The protests escalated into a multi-day take-over in October 1974 of the BC Registrar’s office, ending with the arrest of 41 students and 3 faculty members. This incident became known as the BC44. Oral history interviews conducted with arrested students and one faculty member are part of this collection.
This Puerto Rican Studies at Brooklyn College Collection (PRSBC) focuses on a mostly Puerto Rican led student movement at CUNY during the late 1960s and early 1970s. The collection includes oral history interviews with pioneering student-activists, photographs of participants and important events, and archival materials. The oral history interviews were recorded for a documentary film, Making the Impossible Possible (2021), directed by Tami Gold and Pam Sporn and produced by the Alliance for Puerto Rican Education and Empowerment (A.P.R.E.E.), an organization founded by several of the pioneering Brooklyn College student activists. Antonio "Tony" Nieves, student member and liaison of the Puerto Rican Alliance and the Brooklyn League of Afro-American Collegians contributed the photographs in this collection, which captured the racial and ethnic solidarity on the campus during the late 1960s. Archival materials found at Brooklyn College’s Archives and Special Collections fill out the story of institutional, pedagogical, cultural, and linguistic transformation that occurred across the CUNY system and at Brooklyn College as a result of the actions of a formidable, mostly Puerto Rican and African-American student-led, movement. The collection was curated by Gisely Colón López, a doctoral student in the Graduate Center’s Urban Education PhD program.
Date
(Circa)
Language
English

Collection
Puerto Rican Studies at Brooklyn College
Subjects
Time Periods
1961-1969 The Creation of CUNY - Open Admissions Struggle
1970-1977 Open Admissions - Fiscal Crisis - State Takeover
Items
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Black Power Salute at Brooklyn College during 1969 Malcolm X Day and Memorial This photo, taken by pioneering student-activist Antonio "Tony" Nieves, member and liaison of the Brooklyn League of Afro-American Collegians (B.L.A.C.) and the Puerto Rican Alliance (P.R.A.), shows members of both P.R.A. and B.L.A.C. at the 1969 flag raising ceremony during the Malcolm X Day and Memorial event on Brooklyn College (BC) campus. Event organizers and attendees can be seen saluting the Puerto Rican and Black Liberation flags prior to raising them on the campus flagpole, located in front of the BC library and the President's office. According to Nieves, students were saluting and supporting "Power to the People," Independence, and the struggle for Civil Rights. This item is part of the Puerto Rican Studies at Brooklyn College (PRSBC) Collection, which covers the largely Puerto Rican-led student movement at Brooklyn College (CUNY) during the late 1960s and early 1970s that fought for the creation of the Puerto Rican Studies Department at the college. The collection includes oral history interviews with pioneering student activists, photographsof participants and their struggles, and other archival materials on the fight to create the Puerto Rican Studies Department drawn from the Archives and Special Collections library at Brooklyn College. -
Salute at flag raising ceremony during 1969 Malcom X Day and Memorial at Brooklyn College This photo, taken by pioneering student-activist Antonio "Tony" Nieves, member and liaison of the Brooklyn League of Afro-American Collegians (B.L.A.C.) and the Puerto Rican Alliance (P.R.A.) at Brooklyn College (BC), shows B.L.A.C. member Larry Sparks as he raised the Black Liberation flag on the flagpole located at the East Quad on campus during the 1969Malcolm X Day and Memorial event on the BC campus. Also shown are student members of P.R.A., and B.L.A.C. standing guard so no one disrupted the event or would touch the Puerto Rican and Black Liberation flags raised at the center of the campus. This item is part of the Puerto Rican Studies at Brooklyn College (PRSBC) Collection, which covers the largely Puerto Rican-led student movement at Brooklyn College (CUNY) during the late 1960s and early 1970s that fought for the creation of the Puerto Rican Studies Department at the college. The collection includes oral history interviews with pioneering student activists, photographs of participants and their struggles, and other archival materials on the fight to create the Puerto Rican Studies Department drawn from the Archives and Special Collections library at Brooklyn College. -
Tony Nieves and other student activists guarding flagpole during 1969 Malcolm X Day and Memorial at Brooklyn College This photo was part of the collection of photos shot by pioneering student-activist Antonio "Tony" Nieves, member and liaison of the Brooklyn League of Afro-American Collegians (B.L.A.C.) and the Puerto Rican Alliance (P.R.A.) at Brooklyn College (BC). The photo (taken by Orlando Pile, former president of B.L.A.C.) shows Nieves (on the right with glasses) standing next to members of P.R.A., B.L.A.C., and S.D.S. at the flag raising ceremony during the 1969 Malcolm X Day and Memorial event at the campus. Student-activists guarded the flagpole so no one would touch the Puerto Rican and Black Liberation flags raised at the center of the BC campus. This item is part of the Puerto Rican Studies at Brooklyn College (PRSBC) Collection, which covers the largely Puerto Rican-led student movement at Brooklyn College (CUNY) during the late 1960s and early 1970s that fought for the creation of the Puerto Rican Studies Department at the college. The collection includes oral history interviews with pioneering student activists, photographs of participants and their struggles, and other archival materials on the fight to create the Puerto Rican Studies Department drawn from the Archives and Special Collections library at Brooklyn College. -
Student Activists standing guard at the 1969 flag raising ceremony during Malcolm X Day and Memorial at Brooklyn College This photo, taken by pioneering student-activist Antonio "Tony" Nieves, member and liaison of the Brooklyn League of Afro-American Collegians (B.L.A.C.) and the Puerto Rican Alliance (P.R.A.) at Brooklyn College, shows members of P.R.A., B.L.A.C., and Students for a Democratic Society (S.D.S.) at the 1969 flag raising ceremony during the Malcolm X Day and Memorial event on the campus. Student-activists were standing guard over the flagpole so no one would disrupt the event at the center of campus. This item is part of the Puerto Rican Studies at Brooklyn College (PRSBC) Collection, which covers the largely Puerto Rican-led student movement at Brooklyn College (CUNY) during the late 1960s and early 1970s that fought for the creation of the Puerto Rican Studies Department at the college. The collection includes oral history interviews with pioneering student activists, photographs of participants and their struggles, and other archival materials on the fight to create the Puerto Rican Studies Department drawn from the Archives and Special Collections library at Brooklyn College. -
Students guard flag pole during 1969 Malcolm X Day and Memorial at Brooklyn College This photo, taken by pioneering student-activist Antonio "Tony" Nieves, member and liaison of the Brooklyn League of Afro-American Collegians (B.L.A.C.) and the Puerto Rican Alliance (P.R.A.) at Brooklyn College (BC), shows members of B.L.A.C., and Students for a Democratic Society (S.D.S.) at the flag raising ceremony during the Malcolm X Day and Memorial event in 1969. Speaking on the megaphone is David Powell, pioneering student activist at BC during the late 1960s. Student members of S.D.S. are standing guard over the flagpole so no one would touch the Puerto Rican and Black Liberation flags raised at the center of the BC campus. This item is part of the Puerto Rican Studies at Brooklyn College (PRSBC) Collection, which covers the largely Puerto Rican-led student movement at Brooklyn College (CUNY) during the late 1960s and early 1970s that fought for the creation of the Puerto Rican Studies Department at the college. The collection includes oral history interviews with pioneering student activists, photographs of participants and their struggles, and other archival materials on the fight to create the Puerto Rican Studies Department drawn from the Archives and Special Collections library at Brooklyn College. -
Flag Raising Ceremony during Malcolm X Day and Memorial at Brooklyn College This photo, taken by pioneering student-activist Antonio "Tony" Nieves, member and liaison of the Brooklyn League of Afro-American Collegians (B.L.A.C.) and the Puerto Rican Alliance (P.R.A.) at Brooklyn College, shows members of both P.R.A. and B.L.A.C. at the flag raising ceremony during the Malcolm X Day and memorial event at BC in 1969. The Puerto Rican and Black Liberation flags were raised and flown on the flagpole located at the middle of the Brooklyn College campus in front of the Library and the President's office on the East Quad of the campus. Event organizers and attendees can be seen at the ceremony. This photo was accidentally overexposed by Nieves. This item is part of the Puerto Rican Studies at Brooklyn College (PRSBC) Collection, which covers the largely Puerto Rican-led student movement at Brooklyn College (CUNY) during the late 1960s and early 1970s that fought for the creation of the Puerto Rican Studies Department at the college. The collection includes oral history interviews with pioneering student activists, photographs of participants and their struggles, and other archival materials on the fight to create the Puerto Rican Studies Department drawn from the Archives and Special Collections library at Brooklyn College. -
Professor Carlos E. Russell with Brooklyn College Students This photo, taken by pioneering student-activist Antonio "Tony" Nieves, a member and liaison of the Brooklyn League of Afro-American Collegians (B.L.A.C.) and the Puerto Rican Alliance (P.R.A.) at Brooklyn College (BC), depicts: (left to right) Black Panther Party, B.L.A.C. and P.R.A. member, Ray Aviles; P.R.A. member Ruth Ramos; Professor Carlos E. Russell; and P.R.A. member Dylcia Pagan. Pagan would later became a political prisoner for her role as a Puerto Rican Nationalist fighting for the independence of Puerto Rico in the U.S. before receiving clemency from President Bill Clinton in 1999. BC students and faculty are gathered for the Malcolm X Day and Memorial event at BC in 1969. This item is part of the Puerto Rican Studies at Brooklyn College (PRSBC) Collection, which covers the largely Puerto Rican-led student movement at Brooklyn College (CUNY) during the late 1960s and early 1970s that fought for the creation of the Puerto Rican Studies Department at the college. The collection includes oral history interviews with pioneering student activists, photographs of participants and their struggles, and other archival materials on the fight to create the Puerto Rican Studies Department drawn from the Archives and Special Collections library at Brooklyn College. -
Carlos E. Russell speaks during Malcolm X Day and Memorial at Brooklyn College This photo was taken by pioneering student-activist Antonio "Tony" Nieves, member and liaison of the Brooklyn League of Afro-American Collegians (B.L.A.C.) and the Puerto Rican Alliance (P.R.A.) at Brooklyn College (BC). Professor Carlos E. Russell, former faculty member of the Department of Afro-American Studies at BC, is seen on stage, addressing the crowd. Russell was one of a handful of faculty members supportive of the late 1960s and early 1970s Puerto Rican and Black student-led movement at the college. Seated on stage to Russell's right are Ray Aviles, member of the Black Panther Party (B.P.P.), B.L.A.C. and P.R.A., and Askia Davis, also member of the BPP and B.L.A.C. Standing on the edges of the stages are B.L.A.C. and P.R.A. members holding the Puerto Rican (photo left) and Black Liberation (photo right) flags. BC students and faculty convened for the Malcolm X Day and Memorial event at BC in 1969. This item is part of the Puerto Rican Studies at Brooklyn College (PRSBC) Collection, which covers the largely Puerto Rican-led student movement at Brooklyn College (CUNY) during the late 1960s and early 1970s that fought for the creation of the Puerto Rican Studies Department at the college. The collection includes oral history interviews with pioneering student activists, photographs of participants and their struggles, and other archival materials on the fight to create the Puerto Rican Studies Department drawn from the Archives and Special Collections library at Brooklyn College. -
Pledge Recited at 1969 Malcolm X Day and Memorial at Brooklyn College This photo, taken by pioneering student-activist Antonio "Tony" Nieves, member and liaison of the Brooklyn League of Afro-American Collegians (B.L.A.C.) and the Puerto Rican Alliance (P.R.A.) at Brooklyn College (BC), shows student organizers and event attendees reciting a pledge passed around by B.L.A.C. and P.R.A. members in the BC auditorium during the Malcolm X Day and Memorial event held on the campus in 1969. This item is part of the Puerto Rican Studies at Brooklyn College (PRSBC) Collection, which covers the largely Puerto Rican-led student movement at Brooklyn College (CUNY) during the late 1960s and early 1970s that fought for the creation of the Puerto Rican Studies Department at the college. The collection includes oral history interviews with pioneering student activists, photographs of participants and their struggles, and other archival materials on the fight to create the Puerto Rican Studies Department drawn from the Archives and Special Collections library at Brooklyn College. -
Student Honor Guards Standing in Formation at the 1969 Malcolm X Day and Memorial at Brooklyn College This photo, taken by pioneering student-activist Antonio "Tony" Nieves, member and liaison of the Brooklyn League of Afro-American Collegians (B.L.A.C.) and the Puerto Rican Alliance (P.R.A.) at Brooklyn College (BC). shows student honor guards standing in formation as they marched down the aisles of the auditorium during the Malcolm X Day and Memorial at the college in 1969. Honor guard members, were members of both B.L.A.C and P.R.A., wore red, black, and green arm bands symbolizing the Afro-African flag in celebration of Malcolm X and Black solidarity. This item is part of the Puerto Rican Studies at Brooklyn College (PRSBC) Collection, which covers the largely Puerto Rican-led student movement at Brooklyn College (CUNY) during the late 1960s and early 1970s that fought for the creation of the Puerto Rican Studies Department at the college. The collection includes oral history interviews with pioneering student activists, photographs of participants and their struggles, and other archival materials on the fight to create the Puerto Rican Studies Department drawn from the Archives and Special Collections library at Brooklyn College. -
Black and Puerto Rican Solidarity during 1969 Malcolm X Day and Memorial at Brooklyn College This photo, taken by pioneering student-activist Antonio "Tony" Nieves, member and liaison of the Brooklyn League of Afro-American Collegians (B.L.A.C.) and the Puerto Rican Alliance (P.R.A.) at Brooklyn College (BC), shows Askia Davis, member of the Black Panther Party (B.P.P.) and B.L.A.C., and Ray Aviles, also member of the B.P.P., B.L.A.C. and P.R.A seated side by side during the Malcolm X Day and Memorial at the college in 1969. Standing on stage, holding the Puerto Rican flag are members of B.L.A.C. This item is part of the Puerto Rican Studies at Brooklyn College (PRSBC) Collection, which covers the largely Puerto Rican-led student movement at Brooklyn College (CUNY) during the late 1960s and early 1970s that fought for the creation of the Puerto Rican Studies Department at the college. The collection includes oral history interviews with pioneering student activists, photographs of participants and their struggles, and other archival materials on the fight to create the Puerto Rican Studies Department drawn from the Archives and Special Collections library at Brooklyn College. -
1969 Malcolm X Day and Memorial at Brooklyn College This photo, taken by pioneering student-activist Antonio "Tony" Nieves, member and liaison of the Brooklyn League of Afro-American Collegians (B.L.A.C.) and the Puerto Rican Alliance (P.R.A.) at Brooklyn College (BC). shows Orlando Pile (deated on stage in the middle chair), former president of B.L.A.C at the Malcolm X Day and Memorial at the college in 1969. At the podium is Askia Davis, member of the Black Panther Party and student member of B.L.A.C. This item is part of the Puerto Rican Studies at Brooklyn College (PRSBC) Collection, which covers the largely Puerto Rican-led student movement at Brooklyn College (CUNY) during the late 1960s and early 1970s that fought for the creation of the Puerto Rican Studies Department at the college. The collection includes oral history interviews with pioneering student activists, photographs of participants and their struggles, and other archival materials on the fight to create the Puerto Rican Studies Department drawn from the Archives and Special Collections library at Brooklyn College. -
Oral History Interview with Dr. Orlando Pile In this oral history with Dr. Orlando Pile, physician and former student-activist at Brooklyn College (BC) during the late 1960s, Pile discussed the ways his experiences growing up in Brooklyn influenced his activism at BC. He talked his role as former president of the Brooklyn League of Afro-American Collegians (B.L.A.C.) during a transformational period in the history of Brooklyn College. This item is part of the Puerto Rican Studies at Brooklyn College (PRSBC) Collection, which covers the largely Puerto Rican-led student movement at Brooklyn College (CUNY) during the late 1960s and early 1970s that fought for the creation of the Puerto Rican Studies Department at the college. The collection includes oral history interviews with pioneering student activists, photographs of participants and their struggles, and other archival materials on the fight to create the Puerto Rican Studies Department drawn from the Archives and Special Collections library at Brooklyn College. -
Oral History Interview with Antonio "Tony" Nieves In this oral history with Antonio "Tony" Nieves, photographer, pharmacist, and former student-activist at Brooklyn College during the late 1960s, Nieves discussed his unique role as both liaison and photographer for both the Puerto Rican Alliance (P.R.A.) and the Brooklyn League of Afro-American Collegians (B.L.A.C.)l two student organizations central to the cultural, racial and curricular transformation of the Brooklyn College in the late 1960. Nieves was also one of the "BC19," a group of 19 students arrested for rioting, arson, conspiracy to conspire for their on-campus demonstrations, charges that were ultimately dismissed. This item is part of the Puerto Rican Studies at Brooklyn College (PRSBC) Collection, which covers the largely Puerto Rican-led student movement at Brooklyn College (CUNY) during the late 1960s and early 1970s that fought for the creation of the Puerto Rican Studies Department at the college. The collection includes oral history interviews with pioneering student activists, photographs of participants and their struggles, and other archival materials on the fight to create the Puerto Rican Studies Department drawn from the Archives and Special Collections library at Brooklyn College. -
Oral History Interview with Esther Farmer In this oral history with Esther Farmer, a self-identified Palestinian-Jew, dancer, and a daughter of activist parents, she recalled details of growing up within a politically engaged household which later informed her activism as a student at CUNY. As a student-activist at Brooklyn College (BC) during the late 1960s she was Involved in the Open Admissions struggle at the college. Farmer shared her perspective and the tactics employed by student activists demanding the immediate implementation of CUNY's Open Admissions policy in Fall 1970. This item is part of the Puerto Rican Studies at Brooklyn College (PRSBC) Collection, which covers the largely Puerto Rican-led student movement at Brooklyn College (CUNY) during the late 1960s and early 1970s that fought for the creation of the Puerto Rican Studies Department at the college. The collection includes oral history interviews with pioneering student activists, photographs of participants and their struggles, and other archival materials on the fight to create the Puerto Rican Studies Department drawn from the Archives and Special Collections library at Brooklyn College. -
Oral History Interview with Dr. Milga Morales Nadal Retiring as Vice President of Student Affairs at Brooklyn College, an office she occupied as a student activist in the late 1960s, Dr. Milga Morales Nadal, shares details about the Puerto Rican student movement at the college. She described the strategies students used to demand new Institutes and Departments at the campus, including the takeover of the Presidents' and Registrar's offices. Pioneering student activist, Morales Nadal co-founded the Puerto Rican Alliance at the college, a student club celebrating its 51rst anniversary at the time of this interview. This item is part of the Puerto Rican Studies at Brooklyn College (PRSBC) Collection, which covers the largely Puerto Rican-led student movement at Brooklyn College (CUNY) during the late 1960s and early 1970s that fought for the creation of the Puerto Rican Studies Department at the college. The collection includes oral history interviews with pioneering student activists, photographs of participants and their struggles, and other archival materials on the fight to create the Puerto Rican Studies Department drawn from the Archives and Special Collections library at Brooklyn College. -
Oral History Interview with Crecensio "Joey" Morales Crecensio "Joey" Morales entered Brooklyn College during the late 1960s as a student in the SEEK program, a relatively new program then, established to support marginalized students be more successful in college. Morales was drafted into the Vietnam War while a student-activist at Brooklyn College. He returned to a campus actively engaged in the struggle for equitable rights influencing his participation in office takeovers and other forms of protest in the struggle that was led mostly by Puerto Rican and African-American students. Morales recalled detailed of his undergraduate tenure during a racially, economically, and linguistically transformational period for Brooklyn College including his role as of the Brooklyn College 44. This item is part of the Puerto Rican Studies at Brooklyn College (PRSBC) Collection, which covers the largely Puerto Rican-led student movement at Brooklyn College (CUNY) during the late 1960s and early 1970s that fought for the creation of the Puerto Rican Studies Department at the college. The collection includes oral history interviews with pioneering student activists, photographs of participants and their struggles, and other archival materials on the fight to create the Puerto Rican Studies Department drawn from the Archives and Special Collections library at Brooklyn College. -
Oral History Interview with Carlos "Indio" Alejandro In this oral history interview with Reverend Carlos "Indio" Alejandro, chaplain and former student-activist at Brooklyn College during the early 1970s, Alejandro emphasized the importance of a collective racial, linguistic, and national unity that was central to student activism within the university in these years. He also shared details about his experience with police brutality as a student on campus at Brooklyn College on January 12, 1978. This item is part of the Puerto Rican Studies at Brooklyn College (PRSBC) Collection, which covers the largely Puerto Rican-led student movement at Brooklyn College (CUNY) during the late 1960s and early 1970s that fought for the creation of the Puerto Rican Studies Department at the college. The collection includes oral history interviews with pioneering student activists, photographs of participants and their struggles, and other archival materials on the fight to create the Puerto Rican Studies Department drawn from the Archives and Special Collections library at Brooklyn College. -
Oral History Interview with Antonio "Tony" Nadal This oral history with Antonio "Tony" Nadal, musician and co-founder of the Department of Puerto Rican Studies at Brooklyn College (BC), is filled with personal stories, anecdotes, and singing about his work within the field of Puerto Rican Studies. Professor Nadal shared his experiences as first, a student-activist in the late 1960s at BC, and then as a faculty member in the department for over four decades eventually retiring as Professor Emeritus. This item is part of the Puerto Rican Studies at Brooklyn College (PRSBC) Collection, which covers the largely Puerto Rican-led student movement at Brooklyn College (CUNY) during the late 1960s and early 1970s that fought for the creation of the Puerto Rican Studies Department at the college. The collection includes oral history interviews with pioneering student activists, photographs of participants and their struggles, and other archival materials on the fight to create the Puerto Rican Studies Department drawn from the Archives and Special Collections library at Brooklyn College. -
October 25, 1974 Student Flyer Announcing Rally in Support of the BC 44 In response to the arrest of 41 Brooklyn College (BC) students and three faculty members, known as the Brooklyn College 44, student activists created and distributed this flyer on October 25, 1974, requesting support of a campus strike. Puerto Rican and African American students took over the Registrar's office at the campus for several days in protest of BC President John Kneller's decision not to hire María Sánchez as the chairperson of the Department of Puerto Rican Studies. This item is part of the Puerto Rican Studies at Brooklyn College (PRSBC) Collection, which covers the largely Puerto Rican-led student movement at Brooklyn College (CUNY) during the late 1960s and early 1970s that fought for the creation of the Puerto Rican Studies Department at the college. The collection includes oral history interviews with pioneering student activists, photographs of participants and their struggles, and other archival materials on the fight to create the Puerto Rican Studies Department drawn from the Archives and Special Collections library at Brooklyn College. -
October24 , 1974 Statement from Brooklyn College President John Kneller detailing his response to the student-led takeover of the BC Registrar's Office This October 24, 1974 statement sent from President John W. Kneller detailed the steps the BC administration took in response to a student-led, multi-day takeover of the BC Registrars Office. Earlier in the month Puerto Rican and African American students took over the office in protest of Kneller's decision not to hire María Sánchez as the Department of Puerto Rican Studies' chairperson. This item is part of the Puerto Rican Studies at Brooklyn College (PRSBC) Collection, which covers the largely Puerto Rican-led student movement at Brooklyn College (CUNY) during the late 1960s and early 1970s that fought for the creation of the Puerto Rican Studies Department at the college. The collection includes oral history interviews with pioneering student activists, photographs of participants and their struggles, and other archival materials on the fight to create the Puerto Rican Studies Department drawn from the Archives and Special Collections library at Brooklyn College. -
October 24, 1974 Letter from Brooklyn College President John W. Kneller announcing he will take no action regarding the student occupation of the BC Registrar's office In this October 24, 1975 letter to the Brooklyn College (BC) community BC President John W. Kneller announced that the occupation of the Registrar's Office was "a closed issue" and that he would not enforce disciplinary actions against any students associated with the occupation. His statement ignores the fact that 41 students and 3 faculty members were already in jail because of the occupation. This item is part of the Puerto Rican Studies at Brooklyn College (PRSBC) Collection, which covers the largely Puerto Rican-led student movement at Brooklyn College (CUNY) during the late 1960s and early 1970s that fought for the creation of the Puerto Rican Studies Department at the college. The collection includes oral history interviews with pioneering student activists, photographs of participants and their struggles, and other archival materials on the fight to create the Puerto Rican Studies Department drawn from the Archives and Special Collections library at Brooklyn College. -
October 24, 1974 letter Frank Bonilla, head of the Center for Puerto Rican Studies at Hunter College to Brooklyn College President John Kneller Supporting the Student-led Struggle on the campus In this October 24, 1974 letter from Frank Bonilla, head of the recently formed Centro de Estudios Puertorriqueños (Center for Puerto Rican Studies) at Hunter College, expressed the center's support for Brooklyn College (BC) faculty and students demanding the right to self-determination for the BC Department of Puerto Rican Studies . The letter expressed support of the Puerto Rican and African American students who had taken over the BC Registrar's office for several days in protest of BC President John Kneller's decision not to hire María Sánchez as the Department of Puerto Rican Studies chairperson. This item is part of the Puerto Rican Studies at Brooklyn College (PRSBC) Collection, which covers the largely Puerto Rican-led student movement at Brooklyn College (CUNY) during the late 1960s and early 1970s that fought for the creation of the Puerto Rican Studies Department at the college. The collection includes oral history interviews with pioneering student activists, photographs of participants and their struggles, and other archival materials on the fight to create the Puerto Rican Studies Department drawn from the Archives and Special Collections library at Brooklyn College. -
Student Drawing Depicting a Brooklyn College Student Protest at Brooklyn College to Determine Who the Chairperson Would Be A drawing illustrating how Puerto Rican student activists at Brooklyn College (BC) imagined themselves guarding the Department of Puerto Rican Studies in protest of President John Kneller's decision in 1974 not to hire María Sánchez as the Department of Puerto Rican Studies chairperson. This item is part of the Puerto Rican Studies at Brooklyn College (PRSBC) Collection, which covers the largely Puerto Rican-led student movement at Brooklyn College (CUNY) during the late 1960s and early 1970s that fought for the creation of the Puerto Rican Studies Department at the college. The collection includes oral history interviews with pioneering student activists, photographs of participants and their struggles, and other archival materials on the fight to create the Puerto Rican Studies Department drawn from the Archives and Special Collections library at Brooklyn College. . -
May 24, 1972 Letter from Brooklyn College President John Kneller Confirming Approval of the Puerto Rican Studies Major at the College Two years after the official establishment of the Department of Puerto Rican Studies at Brooklyn College (BC), the CUNY Committee on the Academic Program on May 23, 1972 approved BC's proposal for a major in Puerto Rican Studies. This item is part of the Puerto Rican Studies at Brooklyn College (PRSBC) Collection, which covers the largely Puerto Rican-led student movement at Brooklyn College (CUNY) during the late 1960s and early 1970s that fought for the creation of the Puerto Rican Studies Department at the college. The collection includes oral history interviews with pioneering student activists, photographs of participants and their struggles, and other archival materials on the fight to create the Puerto Rican Studies Department drawn from the Archives and Special Collections library at Brooklyn College.